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Ovarian Cancer and Menopause


Menopause itself is not associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. However, the rates of many cancers, including ovarian cancer, do increase with age. In addition, some of the drugs used to manage menopausal symptoms may increase or decrease a person's cancer risk.
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in a woman's ovaries. Ovarian cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among women. It most often occurs in women who are older than 50; according to the American Cancer Society, over half of those diagnosed with ovarian cancer are age 60 or older.
When found in its earliest stages, over 90% of women treated for ovarian cancer will live longer than 5 years. Unfortunately, early ovarian cancer is hard to detect. Many cases of ovarian cancer are found after the cancer has spread to other organs. In these cases, the cancer is much more difficult to treat and cure.

 Causes: The cause of ovarian cancer is not yet known. You have an increased risk of ovarian cancer if you:

  • Have a family history of ovarian cancer
  • Have never been pregnant
  • Are over the age of 50, because the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer increases as you age
Studies show that women who have had children, who breastfeed, or who use birth control pills are less likely to develop ovarian cancer. These factors decrease the number of times a woman ovulates, and studies suggest that reducing the number of ovulations during a woman's lifetime may lower the risk of ovarian cancer.
Menopause itself does not cause ovarian cancer. But studies have linked long-term estrogen replacement therapy (more than 10 years) to an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Women should discuss the risks and benefits of this type of hormone therapy with their doctor.

Symptoms: In its early stages, ovarian cancer has few symptoms. The first sign of ovarian cancer is usually an enlarged ovary. The ovaries are located deep within the pelvic cavity, so swelling may go unnoticed until it becomes more advanced.

Symptoms of more advanced ovarian cancer include:
  • Swollen abdomen (caused by build-up of fluids produced by the tumor)
  • Lower abdominal and leg pain
  • Sudden weight loss or gain
  • Change in bowel or bladder function
  • Nausea
  • Swelling in the legs
  •                                                         By... Belinda Yeboah

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